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GDPR · 26 ROWS · 5×5 SCORING

GDPR Risk Register — 26 Risks Mapped to Articles 5–44

Article 32 requires controllers and processors to implement appropriate technical and organisational measures based on risk. Article 35 requires a DPIA when processing is likely to result in high risk to data subjects. This 26-row register feeds both: each risk is scored on likelihood + severity to data subjects (DPIA-style) and mapped to the GDPR articles that govern it.

26
Risks identified
14
Critical inherent
0
Critical residual
GDPR
Framework
Who this is for
  • EU/UK companies (and US companies w/ EU customers) preparing for supervisory-authority review
  • Privacy / DPO teams documenting Article 32 evidence
  • Product teams running DPIAs for new features touching personal data
Methodology

Likelihood × Severity-to-data-subject (1–5 each). Severity weighs both the data subject's harm (financial, discrimination, identity theft, distress) and the volume of data subjects affected. ≥15 triggers DPIA per Article 35.

Lawful Basis

IDThreatVulnerabilityInherentControlResidualTreatmentOwnerReference
R-01Processing without valid lawful basisMarketing emails sent without consent or LIA4×4=16Consent management platform; documented Legitimate Interests Assessment (LIA) per use case.2×3=6MitigateDPOArt. 6
R-02Special category data without Art. 9 conditionHealth/biometric data processed under generic consent3×5=15Explicit Art. 9(2) condition documented per category; explicit consent forms for health data.2×4=8MitigateDPOArt. 9

Principles

IDThreatVulnerabilityInherentControlResidualTreatmentOwnerReference
R-03Excessive data collection (data minimisation)Sign-up form collects DOB unnecessarily4×3=12Field-level review against use case; auto-prune fields not used in any active use case.2×2=4MitigateProductArt. 5(1)(c)
R-04Retention beyond necessityCustomer data retained indefinitely4×4=16Documented retention schedule per data category; automated deletion job.2×3=6MitigateDPOArt. 5(1)(e)
R-05Purpose-limitation breachMarketing data used to train ML models4×4=16Purpose register; new-purpose review w/ DPO sign-off; consent re-collection if incompatible.2×3=6MitigateDPOArt. 5(1)(b)

Data Subject Rights

IDThreatVulnerabilityInherentControlResidualTreatmentOwnerReference
R-06Access request not fulfilled in 30 daysDSAR pipeline manual; missed deadlines4×4=16DSR intake portal; 30-day SLA tracker; centralised PII inventory enabling automated extract.2×3=6MitigateDPOArt. 12 / Art. 15
R-07Right-to-erasure failureData persists in analytics warehouse after deletion4×4=16Erasure pipeline reaches all stores incl. warehouse, backups (with documented exception period).2×3=6MitigateEngineeringArt. 17
R-08Portability not provided in machine-readable formCustom format only3×2=6Standard JSON/CSV export covering all Art. 20 in-scope data; documented schema.1×1=1MitigateEngineeringArt. 20
R-09Objection to direct marketing not honouredUnsubscribe takes effect after delay; multiple lists3×3=9Centralised suppression list; immediate unsubscribe; tested across all marketing systems.2×2=4MitigateMarketingArt. 21
R-10Solely automated decision without safeguardsCredit / hiring AI lacking human-review path3×5=15Art. 22 review per automated decision; human-review mechanism; explanation right.2×4=8MitigateProductArt. 22

Privacy by Design

IDThreatVulnerabilityInherentControlResidualTreatmentOwnerReference
R-11New product launched without DPIAHigh-risk processing not assessed4×5=20DPIA gate in product-launch checklist; DPO sign-off required for high-risk launches.2×4=8MitigateDPOArt. 25 / Art. 35
R-12Default settings expose dataPublic-by-default profiles3×4=12Privacy-by-default review; minimum-disclosure defaults; opt-in for additional sharing.2×3=6MitigateProductArt. 25(2)

Records of Processing

IDThreatVulnerabilityInherentControlResidualTreatmentOwnerReference
R-13Article 30 RoPA missing or staleAuthority requests RoPA; can't produce4×3=12Quarterly-reviewed RoPA covering all controller and processor activities; tooling-backed.2×2=4MitigateDPOArt. 30

Processors

IDThreatVulnerabilityInherentControlResidualTreatmentOwnerReference
R-14Sub-processor change without noticeProcessor changes infra without informing controller3×4=12Art. 28 contract w/ change-notification clause; sub-processor list maintained on trust page.2×3=6MitigateVendor MgmtArt. 28
R-15Processor without Art. 28 contractVendor onboarded with click-through ToS only4×4=16Pre-onboarding contract review; standard DPA mandatory; refusal-to-sign vendors blocked.2×3=6MitigateLegalArt. 28

Security

IDThreatVulnerabilityInherentControlResidualTreatmentOwnerReference
R-16Unauthorised access to personal dataExcessive privileges in production4×5=20RBAC; least privilege; MFA; quarterly access reviews; SIEM monitoring.2×4=8MitigateITArt. 32(1)(b)
R-17Data breach via SQL injectionWeb app input not parameterised3×5=15WAF, SAST in CI, annual pen test, bug-bounty programme.1×4=4MitigateEngineeringArt. 32(1)
R-18Encryption gapDatabase backups in clear text3×5=15AES-256 at rest including backups; TLS 1.2+ in transit; KMS-managed keys.1×4=4MitigateSREArt. 32(1)(a)
R-19Unable to restore service in incidentNo tested DR3×4=12Quarterly test-restore w/ documented RPO/RTO; multi-region.2×3=6MitigateSREArt. 32(1)(c)

Breach

IDThreatVulnerabilityInherentControlResidualTreatmentOwnerReference
R-20Notification deadline missed (72h)Discovery-to-notification process undefined3×5=15Breach playbook w/ 72h SA notification + individual notification triggers; tabletop tested.2×4=8MitigateDPOArt. 33 / Art. 34
R-21Failure to document non-notifiable breachAuthority requests breach log; nothing recorded3×3=9Internal breach register capturing ALL incidents (notifiable or not) per Art. 33(5).1×2=2MitigateDPOArt. 33(5)

Cross-Border

IDThreatVulnerabilityInherentControlResidualTreatmentOwnerReference
R-22Transfer to third country without safeguardsVendor in non-adequate country, no SCCs4×5=20TIA per transfer; 2021 SCCs in place; supplementary measures (encryption, access controls).2×4=8MitigateLegal / DPOArt. 44 / Art. 46
R-23Schrems II inadequaciesUS sub-processor without supplementary measures post-DPF challenges3×4=12DPF reliance + SCC fallback; encryption-in-transit + at-rest; key control where possible.2×3=6MitigateLegal / DPOArt. 46

Children

IDThreatVulnerabilityInherentControlResidualTreatmentOwnerReference
R-24Child consent threshold not validatedService used by under-16 in EU member states with no age gate3×4=12Age gate at sign-up; parental-consent flow for under-16 (state-specific thresholds).2×3=6MitigateProductArt. 8

Governance

IDThreatVulnerabilityInherentControlResidualTreatmentOwnerReference
R-25DPO role not designated where requiredPublic authority / large-scale special-category processor lacks DPO2×4=8DPO designation per Art. 37 trigger analysis; published contact details to SA + on website.1×3=3MitigatePrivacyArt. 37

Marketing

IDThreatVulnerabilityInherentControlResidualTreatmentOwnerReference
R-26Cookies set before consentAnalytics + marketing cookies fire on page load4×3=12TCF v2.2 / consent banner blocking non-essential cookies until opt-in; quarterly audit.2×2=4MitigateMarketingePrivacy + Art. 6/7
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Common pitfalls auditors flag

FAQ

Is this register sufficient as a DPIA?

It's a strong DPIA input — but a full DPIA also requires processing description, necessity & proportionality assessment, consultation w/ data subjects (where appropriate), and DPO opinion. Use this register's high-risk rows (≥15) as the DPIA seed.

Do US-only companies need this?

If you process EU/UK/EEA personal data — yes, GDPR applies extraterritorially under Art. 3(2). Check whether you offer goods/services to EU residents or monitor their behaviour.

How does this map to UK GDPR?

Substantially identical, with ICO as supervisory authority instead of EU SAs. UK DPA 2018 + UK GDPR are the operative texts post-Brexit.

How often should we review?

Article 24(1) requires 'regularly review' — most DPAs interpret as annually, plus after material changes (new product, new vendor, breach, regulatory development).

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